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What exactly is Education?

In simple terms, education is simply the transmission of the values and accumulated knowledge of the society to the children in order to advance them towards their adulthood and direct them towards their role in the society. There are three types of education –

1. Informal Education – This is the education that happens through the parent child relationships or that of immediate family members.
2. Formal – This is the kind of education that happens in schools or colleges from the certified teachers.
3. Non-Formal – This is the kind of education that happens through educational activities outside the formal education like on-job training , rural development projects or activities of civil society organizations.

With the changing times, now education has become part of the life long learning process wherein individuals are learning continuously. The easy access to knowledge and technological advancement has led to the increase in non-formal education.

Why do we need Education?

Education can serve several purpose from social, spiritual and cultural to others. But, the main objectives of education are –

1. to prepare children for citizenship
2. to cultivate a skilled workforce
3. to teach cultural literacy
4. to help students become critical thinkers
5. to help students compete in the global market.

HISTORY OF EDUCATION

Students Support and Programs

Homeless

Homeless children are the ones who lack a fixed, regular and adequate night time residence. The details of the homeless individuals are sent to the homeless education office and they review the details and ensure that they provide additional services to the homeless kids like backpacks, bus transportation, clothing shoes etc.

Each state has an office that finds out the homeless children and ensure that they can attend the school regularly. The grants ensure that homeless children get free and appropriate public education.

It is made sure that the competitive subgrants be allocated by the State for LEAs to facilitate the enrollment, attendance and success in school of homeless children and  youths. It also address the problem like lack of birth certificates, school records, transportation, immunization and guardianship issues etc!!

Special Education

Special education is also known as special needs education, aided education, exceptional education. It is the practice of educating students with special educational needs in a way that addresses their individual differences. It is designed for those students who are physically, mentally or socially delayed.

History of Special Education

Education for all handicapped children act (1975) –

• The goal is to provide free and proper education to the disabled students.
• The local and the statewide laws provide support and protection to children and youth with disabilities.
• Through granted federal funds, children with physical or mental disabilities are provided equal access to the public schools.
• Based on the evaluation, schools were required to prepare and education plan that is parallel to the academic experience of their non-disabled peers.
• EHA provides necessary support to the parents and families to ensure that the child receives appropriate and adequate services. It also includes services that are required to dispute decisions made on behalf of the child.

IDEA consists of four parts –

1. A – it covers the general provision of the law.
2. B- It covers the assistance for the education of all children with disabilities.
3. C- It covers the infants and the toddlers with disabilities which include children from birth to age three.
4. D – the national support programs administered at the federal level.

IDEA has six main elements –

1. Individual Education Program – It is the cornerstone of the student’s educational program. It specifies the services to be provided and how often describes the present level of the performance of the students and how the disabilities of the students affect the academic performance and specifies the accommodations and modifications to be given to the student.
2. Free and Appropriate Education Program – It is defined as the special education and related services that are provided at the public expense under public supervision and direction without any charge. It is important to meet the standard of the state educational agency, include an appropriate preschool, elementary or secondary school in the state.
3. Least Restrictive Environment – In this if a student has a disability, he or she should be given the opportunity to be educated with the non-disabled peers to the greatest extent appropriate.
4. Appropriate Evaluation – Children are placed in special education services through an evaluation process. If the evaluation is not appropriately conducted or does not monitor the information that is needed to determine placement it is not appropriate. The main goal of this program is to evaluate to get students who need help reach their goals.
5. Parents and Teacher Participation – Parents and teachers must work together to determine the best ways of working with and providing information to the student.
6. Procedural Safeguards – It includes a set of procedural safeguards that are designed to protect the rights of the children with disabilities.

Individualized Education Program

Individualized Education Program or the IEP is a program that is meant to document the special that is developed for each public school child who needs special education. It is created through team effort, reviewed periodically.

The team of IEP consists of special education teacher, teacher student, parents, an individual who can interpret evaluation results, related service providers and a local education agency representative.

When the team members feel for change based on the students present level of performance, they can review the IEP more often or it is reviewed annually!! It may request an IEP team meeting any time! Parents will receive quarterly progress reports with information on how their child is progressing!

IEP provides services to each individual student based on their needs! The services include the following therapies –

1. Hearing Services
2. Occupational therapy
3. physical therapy
4. special education instruction
5. speech and language therapy

Teacher Support and Training

The national board of professional teaching standards is a non-partisan, non-profit organization in the US dedicated to promoting excellence in Education. It was founded in 1987 and aims at providing great education by increasing the educators effectiveness and promoting the ones who work good. It develops and maintains advanced standards for educators and offers a national, voluntary assessment, national board certification, based on the NBTS standard. It has its headquarters in Arlington, VA.

National Board Certification

1. It is the most respected professional certification in the education and provides numerous benefits to teachers, students and schools. The main reason for the certificate was to develop, retain and recognize the accomplished teachers and generate ongoing improvement in schools nationwide.
2. This certificate signifies that the teacher has voluntarily gone further. It means that they have gained advanced knowledge, skills and practices required of an outstanding educator.

The certification consists of four components –

1. Assessment of Content Knowledge –
2. Reflection on Student work knowledge –
3. Documentation of the impact of assessment and collaboration on student learning
4. video and analysis of teaching practice

Initiatives of the NBPTS

1. Teach to Lead – This initiative tries to bring the fundamental change in the culture of schools and the culture of teaching so that teachers play a more central role in transforming teaching and learning and in developing policies that affect their work.
2. Teacher Leadership Institute – It is a comprehensive effort to recruit, prepare, activate and support the next gen of teachers to lead transformed teaching profession. Now, teachers are seeking new opportunities to advance in their careers and profession by taking new leadership roles. Teachers are now expected to play more consequential roles in shaping the policies and practices that govern teaching and learning.